简体中文
From February 3rd to February 5th, 2015, Gansu Cultural Relics Bureau organized experts from local province and other provinces to conduct acceptance of six heritage protection projects including emergency repair of a nine-story building in Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes by the head office of Gansu Yongjing Classical Constructional Engineering Corporation, emergency repair of caves under Guazhouyulin Grotto by China Railway Constructional Engineering Co., Ltd in Gansu, emergency repair and cliff reinforcement project of Dunhuang Western Thousand-Buddha Cave as well as the preservation and restoration project of mural sculpture in Cave 98, 360 and 386 by Technical Service Center of Heritage Conservation in Dunhuang Academy. The completion and acceptance meeting was held in Dunhuang.
From June 15th, 2011 (PM) to June 16th (AM), Dunhuang and the surrounding areas encountered sustained heavy rainfall of 40.13mm, which was greater than the average annual rainfall in Dunhuang region in the past and brought various degrees of diseases and influences on Yulin Grotto and cavities under it, Western Thousand-Buddha Cave, Mogao Grottoes particularly multiple threats including partial collapse, cave leakage and developmental fracture of the grotto’s surrounding rock mass caused by strong rainfall and its surface runoff. Emergency repair and enhancement of caves under Guazhouyulin Grotto, emergency repair and cliff reinforcement project of Dunhuang Western Thousand-Buddha Cave and emergency repair of a nine-story building in Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes belong to the cultural relics salvage project approved by the State Administration of Cultural Heritage after heavy rainfall. The design plans for these three emergency repair projects has obtained approval from the State Administration of Cultural Heritage in 2012. The construction were started in April 2013 and completed in November of the same year. Preservation and restoration project of mural sculpture in Cave 98, 360 and 386 belongs to one of long-term conservation projects carried out in Mogao Grottoes among which ten years has been spent on the conservation and restoration of Cave 98.
On February 4th (AM), aiming at the emergency repair Project of the nine-story building and the conservation and restoration of mural sculpture for Cave 98, 360 and 386, the expert team, together with the representatives from the project units, conducted an on-spot inspection and put forward protective measures for the construction and repair of the edge of the nine-story building, surface runoff control at the surrounding cliff on the top of the cave and rock infiltration prevention. At the conservation and restoration sites of Cave 98, 360 and 386, they also exchanged their views and concerns on these projects with representatives of all parties involved in this party.
In the afternoon, the design unit, supervision unit and construction unit responsible for the emergency repair project of the nine-story building , conservation and restoration of mural sculpture for Cave 98, 360 and 386 reported their process of the projects’ scope and quantity, technical process measures, project archives, project quality and effect they achieved from the perspective of realization of design intention and technical standard requirements. After listening to the reports, experts and representatives from each unit conducted detailed verifications in terms of project quality, technology, information and heritage conservation assessment according to the agenda of acceptance meeting.
On-spot Investigation by Expert Team in Cave 98 of Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes
After intense and orderly assessment for one day, the expert team agreed that emergency repair of a nine-story building effectively remove potential risks of leakage caused by strong rainfall, especia through conservation and repair measures from six aspects including repair and corrosion prevention via big wood, gully erosion on the top of cliff around the nine-story building, organized drainage on the ground, rain leakage prevention, treatment of channels and retaining walls as well as investigation of the nine-story Buhhda and its walls polluted by rain. Particularly, the organized drainage measures at the surrounding rock mass of the nine-story building will eliminate rock-fall and quicksand phenomenon caused by surface runoff. The specific suggestions for the acceptance are as follows:
(1) Emergency repair of a nine-story building in Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes thoughly eliminated the threats from diseases including nine-story Buddha wooden eave cave leaking, collapsed cracking walls, rotten wood components, rainwater infiltration of caves by exposing the tile roofing, big wooden components reinforcement and antiseptic treatment, Buddha surface dust removal, rain prevention to nine-story Buddha, gully management to both sides of the cliff, organized overland drainage, surrounding environment control to meet basic principles of design and protection of cultural relics. After one year observation, the protection is confirmed to have obtained a good result.
(2) During the construction, heritage conservation principles have been strictly abided by with excellent overall visual effect achieved.
(3) Project design change is consistent with relevant procedures of heritage conservation projects. The relevant information regarding project design, construction and supervision is basically complete and acceptance is passed. It is recommended to further improve the completion report of construction work and related materials. Murals conservation and restoration project in Cave 98, 360 and 386 has been spoken highly by the expert team. They also believed that aiming at the conservation situation of colored sculpture of murals and highlighted diseases, technical measures including dust removal, adhesive material injection, pigment layer re-calligraphy, rolling, top desalination treatment were adopted according to different diseases on the basis of experimental analysis of the environmental monitoring, mural materials, processes, the simulation research of the diseases mechanism, screening of the restoration materials and on-spot simulation experiment research to restore and enhance existing diseases. Thus, fine restoration effect meets the design requirement of protection and restoration of mural sculpture. Additionally, experiment prior to implementation, information-based and dynamic design as well as integration of design and construction for conservation and restoration have been fully affirmed. It is believed that summarization of the completion of the project is a centralized display and effect assessment of the research production from Dunhuang Academy over protection and restoration technology of mural sculpture for several decades.
Acceptance and Report Site for the Conservation and Restoration of a Nine-story Building, Cave 98, 360 and 386
Xudong Wang,the president of the construction units, expressed his appreciation for efforts experts contributed to Dunhuang project. He also sincerely appreciated the units conducting the survey, design, supervision and construction over these six projects for their great supports on Mogao Grottoes. Moreover, he invited these units or individuals to actively engage in the protection of the Dunhuang Grottoes in the future.
Xuezhi Xiao, deputy director of Gansu Cultural Relics Bureau, also fully affirmed these six cultural heritage protection projects and demanded Dunhuang Research Institute to further perfect relevant information combined with reality of cultural heritage protection projects. Besides, he also suggested conducting analysis and summarization of good practice and experience during engineering practice so that a project report relating to heritage protection could be published as soon as possible to provide reference for similar projects in local province or on a national scale and improve overall quality of cultural relics protection projects in the whole province.